49, 313321 (2015). I can't use water because I cannot dissolve enough Hydroquinone into it to reach the desired concentration. [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC([O-])=C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C1=O, N1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=C(SCCC2(C)C)C2=C1, C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C3=CC=C(C(=C3)C34CC5CC(CC(C5)C3)C4)OC)=CC=C21, CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, disodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate, [Na+]. Anal. Since the neutral pH of the hydroquinone composition with sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is preferably from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, the pH is acceptable for also including retinoids in the composition. 0000004433 00000 n The present invention addresses the problem of excessive discoloration in hydroquinone compositions of a neutral pH. How to dissolve Hydroquinone to make 4 oz. Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed to show how well sodium metabisulfite ("SMBS") stabilizes color at each pH at 5C and 40C in 4% hydroquinone ("HQ") compositions. PDF HYDROQUINONE - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2 Liquid phase only; silicon dioxide remains as a residue in these solvents. Boucif Belhachemi. The Boiling Point of hydroquinone is 287C Also, the Melting Point of hydroquinone is 172C. This invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, including hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. The 10 Best Hydroquinone Creams to Buy in 2023 - Beauty Mag 108. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, C. M. S. de Mendona, I. P. de Barros Lima, C. F. S. Arago, A. P. B. Gomes, J. Therm. How to make CE Ferulic with HA and NO propylene glycol? 0000008435 00000 n This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.[35]. 132, 165172 (2018), X. Li, Q. Yin, W. Chen, J. Wang, J. Chem. Eng. endstream endobj 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj <>stream The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25K to 334.45K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. Determination and Correlation of Solubilities of Benzoic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Resorcinol and Hydroquinone in Water and in 1-Octanol at Temperatures from 297.25K to 334.45K. Lastly, I'd like to add benzoic acid for preservation purposes. 38, 40814091 (1999), J. Qingzhu, M. Peisheng, Y. Shouzhi, W. Qiang, W. Chang, L. Guiju, J. Chem. Classical photo shops also sell hydroquinone. Heat Mass Transf. M1 and M2 microemulsions contain ethanol as co-surfactant. Cat No. : H329-500 According to the polar paradox theory, this should lead to a dissolution of . The composition is preferably formulated in separate phases as designated below. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. The obtained results show that the solubility of benzoic acid in water is greater than that of salicylic acid, but in the case of the two isomers of dihydroxybenzene, the solubility of resorcinol is approximately 100 times that of hydroquinone. Solubility of Hydroquinone in Different Solvents from - ResearchGate Hydroquinone skin cream, gel, emulsion, lotion, or solution 43, 13111316 (2007), J. Qing-Zhu, M. Pei-Sheng, Z. Huan, X. Shu-Qian, W. Qiang, Q. Yan, Fluid Phase Equilib. RJPT - Hydroquinone Solubility in Pure and Binary Solvent Mixture at Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. protecting the retinoids in a protective system; mixing the hydroquinone, and the protected retinoids; and. This composition is color stabilized and cosmetically elegant. This range of pH has been preferred for hydroquinone compositions, because it has been believed that the hydroquinone is less likely to excessively discolor under acid conditions. 0 7 r @ &. Int J Thermophys 42, 1 (2021). Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The FDA had classified hydroquinone in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone. We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed . Dietland Muller-Schwarze, 2003, page 43 (, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Additive manufacturing of ceramics from preceramic polymers, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31976L0768:EN:HTML, "Clear N Smooth Skin Toning Cream recalled", Skin Bleaching Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Product Use; Proposed Rule, "About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research - Hydroquinone Studies Under The National Toxicology Program (NTP)", Campaign For Safe Cosmetics - Hydroquinone, "Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=1136453324, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2016, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The most widely used route is similar to the, A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from, Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists, Pelletier and Caventou (1820) "Recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas" (Chemical investigations of quinquinas [i.e., the bark of various, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 11:09. Add the hydroquinone to the water. HVoLg~Z+ The color stability of the hydroquinone composition is promoted by one or more antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Monobenzone: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action - DrugBank If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25 K to 334.45 K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. Hope it helps 6 yrs later. A common route involves hydroxylation of phenol. Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (also called magnesium ascorbityl phosphate or magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate) has a chemical formula of C. In another embodiment, sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are used in about 0.01% (preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, most preferably at least about 0.1%,) and about 0.5% (preferably from about 0.25% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 1%, and most preferably at least about 0.5%) respectively in a composition with about 4% hydroquinone. Place an order online, track your orders, download SDS and TDS, and see your quotes, all in one secure place. The solubility in water is 6.72g/L. So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher solubility and is relatively non-toxic. As utilized herein, the inhibition of the retinoid oxidation should be sufficient to prohibit browning of the composition for its shelf life, preferably greater than about six months, more preferably greater than about twelve months, and most preferably greater than about eighteen months. [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. Most preferably, when both a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, are present, the color of the hydroquinone composition is stabilized in the neutral pH range, preferably for greater than about six months, more preferably for greater than about twelve months and most preferably for greater than about eighteen months. They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. Hydroquinone, like phenols are very weak acids and can be deprotonated. Chim. Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase are instrumental in stabilizing the color of the hydroquinone composition. Uv Curable Cellulose Esters- .- Glycerol derivatives solubilise natural, hydrophilic antioxidants in biofuels. Res. Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline: Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. Also in this embodiment is a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, which further helps to maintain the acceptable color desired in the hydroquinone composition. EP2047846A2 - Process for stabilizing hydroquinone - Google . Water Solubility 73000 mg/L at 25C 2.6B pH pKa 4.0 - 4.7 pK1 = 9.9 2.12 Oxidation:Reduction Potential +286 mV at 25C and pH 7 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/BIODEGRADATION Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. However, hydroquinone discolors at the pH range of 7.0 to 8.5. Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. The protective system can be an entrapment system, a single or multi- laminar system, such as by the formation of vesicles such as a liposome or by utilizing wax, paraffin, silicone, polyethylene, or any material or system which protects the retinoid from oxidation. Protected retinoid, with its skin benefit capabilities, may also be included with the hydroquinone composition. Methods and products for nucleic acid production and delivery, Nucleic acid product and its administration method, Nucleic acid product and method of administration thereof, Compositions and systems for the treatment of hyperpigmentation, Methods for prevention of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Skin care compositions containing retinoids, Improved method for stability of ageing comprising thirosinase inhibitor activity, Use of ascorbic acid to reduce irritation of topically applied active ingredients, COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS WITH ANTIMICOTIC PROPERTIES, EFFECTIVE AGAINST PSORIASIS AND HAIR LOSS AND COSMETIC METHOD FOR, Treatment or prevention of undesired skin pigmentation, Skin care compositions and method of improving skin appearance, Ultrasound enhancement of percutaneous drug absorption, Skin whiteners containing hydroxytetronic acid, Stabilized retinoid-containing skin care compositions, Retinoid compositions containing a water soluble antioxidant and a chelator, Composition and method for treating rosacea and sensitive skin with free radical scavengers, Skin care compositions containing imidazoles and retinoids, Stable compositions containing a retinoid and an enzyme based antioxidant system, Self-tanning compositions containing dha and propolis extract, Composition and process for stabilizing oxygen-unstable species, Bleaching preparation and cosmetic for preventing and improving aging of skin, Composition and method for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, Composition for cosmetic or pharmaceutical use, Remedies for pigmentation and melanocyte proliferation inhibitors, Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase, Divisional application: reference to earlier application, Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent. Keywords: D-170D; D-170; D170D; D170 Created Date 1401417, Country of ref document: Eastman Hydroquinone, USP, meets or exceeds the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia and is produced under conditions of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). Thanks to the added vitamin E, it leaves your skin feeling smooth and soft, too. 374 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 376 /H [ 807 1414 ] /L 581425 /E 96582 /N 109 /T 573826 >> endobj xref 374 19 0000000016 00000 n It is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. F. Whler (1844) "Untersuchungen ber das Chinon" (Investigations of quinone). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 0000003660 00000 n Compositions according to this invention may include dermatologically acceptable carriers. Eng. Azelaic acid (AzA) is a organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH 2) 7 COOH. 0000002585 00000 n wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 antiphlogistics and cardiaca, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients, Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen, . Unfortunately, retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) also have discoloration problems due to oxidation. 0000053439 00000 n 338, 217223 (2013), S. H. Ali, F. S. Al-Mutairi, M. A. Fahim, Fluid Phase Equilib. [32], Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms. isosorbide, Ascorbic acid, i.e. Solubility of Hydroquinone : r/OrganicChemistry Data 51, 127129 (2006), J. Lim, S. Jang, H. K. Cho, M. S. Shin, H. Kim, J. Chem. It is found in wheat, rye, and barley.It is a precursor to diverse industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, as well as being a component of a number of hair and skin conditioners. I'm using it for spot treatment of some hyper pigmentation (less than 1% of my body). Gravimetric method is used to measured hydroquinone solubility in water, ethanol and in water+ethanol binary mixtures at temperatures (293.15, 295.15, 298.15, 300.15, 303.15, 305.15, 308.15, 310.15 and 313.15)K. Mole fractions solubility of hydroquinone are correlated with temperature by using the Apelblat equation. An improvement in the color stability of the 4% hydroquinone compositions is seen at and above 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in the 6-7 pH range. Hydroquinone - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics You can expect to hear from a technical specialist within 1 business hour. Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 or C6H6O2 | CID 785 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- 0000000731 00000 n Preferably, the protected retinoid, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), is in the form of small beads or spheres suitable for incorporation into a topical composition. J. Pharm. Hydroquinone USP, Eastman - ChemPoint Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. Toughness of the polymer increases due to the presence of flexible units in the backbone such as long chain diols (e.g., diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol) or long chain saturated acids (e.g., adipic . 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 We apologize! [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O, trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane, C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1, C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C, 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC, 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol, C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1, O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C, [Na+].[Na+].[Na+]. It is also used to prepare 2% bleaching creams and certain intermediates for the synthesis of dyes, and it has some activity as an antitumoragent. 77, No. Hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin. The solubility was increased by addition of ethanol, reached a maximum . Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. Hydroquinone Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. Solubilities of hydroquinone and p-quinone in - ScienceDirect Belhachemi, B., Makhlouf, H. & Belhachemi, M.H. Data 53, 199200 (2008), N. Sunsandee, S. Suren, N. Leepipatpiboon, M. Hronec, U. Pancharoen, Fluid Phase Equilib. The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. Thank you for your inquiry and interest in ChemPoint. Hydroquinone can be made through several routes. Data 51, 16681671 (2006), C. L. Yaws, S.-C. Lin, Enthalpy of fusion at freezing pointOrganic compounds, in Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, William Andrew Publishing (Elsevier, 2009), pp. Therefore, the solubility values of hydroquinone in different solvents are required; however, the data availability in the literature is poor.3-7 In this work, the solubility data of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under atmospheric pressure were . &"oq YcbX.=a*t R@ 420, 2429 (2016), W. E. Acree Jr, Thermochim Acta 189, 3756 (1991), F. L. Nordstrm, . C. Rasmuson, J. Chem. I can only tell you how to mix the powder solution to the liquid solvent. C6H4O2) is formed. Approximate Solubilities of USP and NF Articles, methanol, 13; ethyl acetate, >10,000; hexanes, >10,000, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 1; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 1, boiling alcohol, 50; boiling chloroform, 80; acetone at 50, methanol, 3; isopropanol, 69; benzene, 2500; petroleum ether, 5000, dimethylformamide, 10; 10 N sodium hydroxide, 3.5, dimethylacetamide, 2; dimethylformamide, 3.5; dimethylsulfoxide, 3.5, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 2500; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 100, isopropyl alcohol, 4; propylene glycol, 9; methanol, 5.3, isopropyl alcohol, 1408; propylene glycol, 119; methanol, 75, alcohol solution (1 in 2), 2; diethylphthalate, <1; benzyl benzoate, <1, acetone, 100; methanol, 1000; 0.1 N hydrochloride acid, >1000, absolute alcohol, 8; methanol, 8; propylene glycol, 19, pyridine, 10; methanol, 71; acetone, 130; methylene chloride, 286; toluene, 2000; dioxane, 2000, carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely), carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely) olive oil, 100, methylenedichloride, 43; 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 100. The information given is designed only as a guide for safe handling and use. 12.4. HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| The document was not able to download due to an unknown error. The obtained results show that the . Eng. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber. GHS H Statement: Causes serious eye damage.Suspected of causing genetic defects.May cause an allergic skin reaction.Suspected of causing cancer.Harmful if swallowed.Very toxic to aquatic life. ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012, Free format text: Thus, while cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, have beneficial antioxidant effects on the skin, the combination with hydroquinone in the invention results in a compatible and stable composition.
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