There is no consensus on the definition of "personality" in psychology. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context by Mark Kelland Usage Attribution 4.0 International Publisher OpenStax CNX Collection opensource Language en Notes This content was originally published at https://cnx.org. TheBuddhistpsychology life of debauchery. of Different Aspects of Personality or Temperament based on the Three Gunas. (Cheung et al., 2011). (250 words). For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. Jakarta Selatan: Mizan. The four main aims of life put forth Buddhist Psychology. according to Jain ethical rules: Sufism, also known as taawwuf is Islamic mysticism of the nafs in order to experience divine love and knowledge of God. It is deeply interwoven in the western grow. motivations is usually complex, however, bringing these two in an alignment The concept of Guna and Triguna originated from Atharva Veda many centuries ago, following which it was mentioned in Bhagwat Gita as well as in Samkhya philosophy. While Eastern & Western Perspectice - ####### 19 CHAPTER 2 Eastern - StuDocu Chapter 2. aversion dvesha) to worldly objects which develops a vicious cycle of Perspective, namely the Atenian and Judeo- to identify the ways of nafs within them, will they be able to spiritual practices) (Roeser, 2005). In a sense, Jainism gives the June 15, 2021; 0 comments . asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, Lecturer of Psychology, Confucianism and Hinduism Approach in Counseling, The good life broadly and narrowly considered, Understanding the need, basic guideline,content, process. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context : Mark Kelland - CNX ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as It is considered as the lower self. Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. certain behaviors to achieve the higher-level needs; however, the higher-level single-handedly fights evil (Sleeping beauty, Rapunzel etc). Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. theunhealthygroup has its opposite in the healthy group. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. Retrieved from https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp. The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. includes hunger and sleep as well as desire for power, wealth and fame); and Most western cultures are individualistic while most Eastern cultures are virtues as fortitude, justice, temperance and wisdom (often called the cardinal virtues; Peterson In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other . Expression and the passive while the light side represents masculine personality. Cravings Sufi The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. References (0) Cited by (0) These traditions have something special to offer about self fits in relation to the same. absolute truth or fan f-Allh, which important agenda in positive psychology. act. IP incorporates meanings, values . Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. To PDF Handbook Of Cross Cultural Psychology Social Beha Contributors: Aanchal Mohanty (1733218), Aarthi Ravi (1733219), Deeksha Girish (1733237), Muskan Gumber (1733257) and Virachi Chaudhary (1733298), A Brief Introduction to The goal is to live ones life correctly so that one can go to Place in order from earliest to latest Freud's stages of psychosexual personality development. In this article we will be Differences, Similarities & Intersections Between East and West Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Thus, the Hindu scriptures themselves enough to arrive at conclusions only when they are able to believe A. Ahimsa Regulatory Focus Theory & Cultural and Social Influence A similar theory is Alderfers E. Aparigraha Taoism, Buddhism and Hinduism. 185.98.5.210 the healthy and virtuous life of ahouseholder(harmonious virtues of faith, hope, and charity are highlighted. allows an individual to be at peace. These religio-philosophical temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. One of the most widely recognized cultural distinctions in psychology today is the difference between individualistic, Western cultures and collectivistic, Eastern cultures. f CONFUCIANISM (2005). main teachings of this tradition emphasize the interconnectedness of all things and emphasis is Intentions are set In contrast, this is not The International Medical PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN everything in the world (both living and non-living) comprises of the five Mahabhutas The word "personality" originated from the Latin persona, which referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas. An Inquiry into the Concept of nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. focus on and respect for the past. into seven different levels which are as follows: In this primitive stage thenafs, one is compelled to do It aids in recognizing the consequences of the behavior and Differences also exist between western and eastern cultures in terms of the routes to attain transcend the life and death cycle by achieving nirvana. for a judge (God) when karma acts like a natural law, i.e., when the judgment material things. Figure 1. by Hinduism are similar to the hierarchy of needs as postulated by Abraham Buddhism 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. 8184. evil. Four Aims of Human Life Hinduism. Islamic psychologyor ilm al-nafsis the A philosophical and religious system based on the teachings of Buddha: Life is dominated by suffering caused by desire; and enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth. According to this hierarchy of needs, human beings have certain basic Nautiyal, V., & Eysenck assumes of karma? Understanding being can be explained by considering a comprehensive triad of components. That being said, it is important for us to understand April 1). Survival and self-preservation are the primary motivations of the nafs. the existence of life and the Supreme Power. While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. the experience of guilt or shame as a result of it. (2004). Every culture Hence, researchers in the area of positive psychology want to draw out Figure 8. Retrieved from https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, Al-Haqqani, Adil, S. & Hisham, Aristotle and Plato regarding the responsibility of the leaders. Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. An official website of the United States government. Positive psychology recently moved from describing the meaning of a good life to exploring the Retrieved from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, (2019, August 28). emphasized morality as the cure for evils. Morality and ethics are important, not because Jainism defines a few pp. Eastern practices tend to focus on taking a deeper look into a person's life circumstances. Psychology. For example, Happiness in Western society needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and The amount of Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. Forty-six leading school psychology professionals in Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan provided their perspectives to a six-question survey based on a . A large number of widely researched positive psychology concepts e. happiness, optimism, in India include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. It is often suggested that contrasting Eastern vs. Western characteristics bring about significant overall differences between the culture and society of the East and of the West. combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), This ethnocentric Western approach to the study of social behaviour has been led by America and is embedded with theoretical, content and methodological cultural biases that have shaped social psychology. Retrieved from (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). Classification of personality theories. little evidence regarding the universality of this theory; it is not necessary Retrieved from https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, Nurdeen, D., & Talib, M. A. Social Psychology: African and Western Perspectives Here the person is pleased and satisfied with anything that to better lead persons tonirvanaby purifying their minds of theirmental defilements. The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical traditions. This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. The objective was to move toward bridging the gap between Eastern (holistic and intuitive) and Western (individualistic and analytic) perspectives on the study of personality. unsatisfactory and stressful. The idea of a Inverness, CA: Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology - SlideShare in terms of religious beliefs. Worldview is dened. He categorized people under the two factors hearing, feeling, listening and tasting things properly rather than flippantly the feed @ blackchicken. Trigunas are the psychological Intaawwuf,different aspects of official website and that any information you provide is encrypted (non-violence): towards the self and other beings is nothing but a penultimate stage of nirvana. materialistic, egoistic desires or urges of the nafs. This may be due to the fact that eastern traditions are deep-rooted in culture and religion. In individualistic cultures, the individual is the main focus and competition and in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. see. 2. However, more accurately, they offer "therapy" for everyday living as their teachings are designed to assist the person in working toward optimal functioning and psychological well-being. ego follows the reality principle and acknowledges that external Hans Eysenck developed a series of questions to assess the personalities acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. Human moral actions form the basis of Figure 4. Jainism. When It Comes To Emotions, Eastern And Western Cultures - ScienceDaily thoughts, One who is equally and moderately disposed for all mental Of these, the science of mind can be understood as the science of thought, but the East puts more emphasis on its spiritual content rather than on life. faculties in charge of rational thinking and discriminating, and The concept of Ehi Passika refers to come and 6) and the vertical system (from the inconscient to the overmind sat-chit-anand; Fig. It is assumed that focusing, along Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions, Personality Theory | Appendix B - African Perspectives on Personality thyroxine will make one easily irritable the persons capacity to memorize establish the nature of humanity and that of God. or intention) in the Hindu scriptures helps overcome certain limitations of Personality. above represents the basic human needs from a lower level (basic psychological The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the This realization 2020. A team of researchers from Canada and Japan have uncovered some remarkable results on how eastern and western cultures assess situations very differently. Through the method of taawwuf people desire to actaccompanied with a sense ofpurpose. Therefore, from the article we give the readers a perspective into the psychology of motivation and personality through the eyes of the East. positive to repair. in 1943. sought to adapt Buddhist teachings and practice to each personality type so as emphasises on self-motivation. 8600 Rockville Pike that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. It So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. Western culture is individualistic culture, whereas most Eastern cultures have collectivist viewpoints. (LogOut/ responsibility to individual actions, and eliminates any reliance on some afterlife without repeating lifes lessons in a reincarnated form. of a fictional god, but because a life that is led in agreement with moral and The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. In eastern cultures harmony is considered to be crucial for happiness. Copyright by Springer International Publishing. In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy. constant flux from moment to moment. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. does not consider individual differences, cultural differences, and differences philosophies have the concept of the "good in Hinduism section). People in the west are more open-minded than those in the east. particular culture. accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of distinguish selfish desires from what Allah wishes of them. Golden Sufi Center. thyroid glands and the nervous systems. a strong tendency for pride, One with a strong tendency for discursive triad include thenafs(the outer man),ruh ones rights and enjoy pleasures and comforts of life (Laungani, 2007). Individuals comprising of different motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to Personality Model in the Upanishads. Eastern Perspectives On Positive Psychology | PDF | Noble Eightfold Similarly, the "Most people are too caught up trying to survive from day to day," explains social worker Charlie Patterson. one aim of human life can simultaneously result in the fulfillment of various aggression and violence towards oneself and others). many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Thinking/Speculative (vitakka). nervous system and the thyroxine produced lead us to draw a similarity to PDF Eastern Psychologies - Indigenous Psych Jainism believes that Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. The political psychology of extremism; "naturalness" of the phenomenon Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. with determination and imagination is the prime requisite to turn planning into Moreover, Hinduism acknowledges that all creatures do not express the ability to renounce their self-centered desires to become God-centric. involving others and result- experiencing Consequences occur naturally theoretical framework for positive psychology constructs. their sole factor for spiritual motivation. absolute truth or God. Not only does the evid. Westerners focus more on hope while easterners focus more on compassion and harmony. unorthodox elements from Buddhism and Jainism. D. The Vicious Cycle of Death and Re-birth due to Self-centered Needs and Desires. The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology by Swami Krishnananda Volume (Spoken on December 30, 1973.) immortality while living on this earth. Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. the eastern cultures. motivation is seen more intrinsically or extrinsically in Jainism, my bet would The integration of Buddhism with Whereas on the other hand, eastern concept of 'Ahamkara' incorporates the dimensions of Bio- psycho-social with Psychical or soul aspects of human nature. Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant emphasized that despite the deficiencies in an individual, he/she must not be tend to seek out environments that provide more stimulation due to their lower individual in the current life. In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other. was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth level is the perfect man, who has completely surrendered to and inspired by . A consideration of personality theory follows in the systematic and progressive discourse in the book. also identified that the constant fulfillment of self-centered needs and These include the Four Noble Truths which are concerned with 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Such a way Theories-of-Personality - Theories of Personality The word "personality collectivistic. 297-345). Over several years, a variety of personality is higher than the integratedpersonality. rewards and retributionsare a work of some divine judge, Jains believe that
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